Abstract. Since Jawaharlal Nehru’s victory in 1962 India has not seen a prime minister who was elected to his post three times in a row. However, on June 4, 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi once again became the head of India’s government, in period of immense international tension and discord. Several months have passed after Modi’s election and the current state of Russia-India relations, despite the strenuous situation in Ukraine, is stronger than ever. Similar to Prime Minister Nehru’s period in the heat of the Cold War, divisions have engulfed today’s world, particularly between those who support the Western policies of the US and its allies, and those who side with Russia’s vision of multipolarity. Despite these global divisions, India continues to uphold its tradition of non-alignment, contributing to the development and strengthening of India-Russia relations in various spheres. Aiming to keep the balance of strategic autonomy in its foreign policy, Prime Minister Modi and his cabinet face a serious dilemma: they must seek ways to develop its equally advantageous partnership with Russia, while safeguarding India’s national interests in a highly tense and complex international environment. Modi’s recent visits to Russia and Ukraine have emphasized India’s growing role as a possible mediator in the ongoing conflict. At the same time various bilateral talks at various political and business levels also point to changes, raising various questions: What is the significance of Modi’s re-election for the future of India-Russia relations? What challenges will Modi’s third term face in its relationship with Russia and its Western colleagues? How has the current political environment between Russia and the West impacted India? What areas of cooperation are being developed between Russia and India? How might personal relations between state leaders influence interstate relations?